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Steam, GoG and Others Must Allow Reselling of Downloaded Games in EU

Author : Ellie Update:Jan 05,2025

欧盟法院裁定:可转售已下载游戏

欧盟法院裁决,消费者有权转售之前购买并下载的游戏和软件,即使存在最终用户许可协议 (EULA)。 让我们深入了解这一判决。

欧盟法院批准可转售下载游戏

版权耗尽原则与版权界限

欧盟法院裁定,消费者可以合法转售之前购买并玩过的可下载游戏和软件。这一决定源于软件经销商 UsedSoft 与开发商 Oracle 之间在德国法院的一场法律诉讼。

法院确立的原则是分销权的耗尽(版权耗尽原则₁)。这意味着,当版权持有者出售一份拷贝并授予客户无限期使用该拷贝的权利时,分销权即告耗尽,允许转售。

这一决定适用于欧盟成员国的消费者,涵盖通过 Steam、GoG 和 Epic Games 等平台获得的游戏。最初的购买者有权出售游戏许可证,允许其他人(“买方”)从发行商的网站下载游戏。

判决书中写道:“一项许可协议授予客户无限期使用该副本的权利,该权利持有者将副本出售给客户,从而耗尽其独家分销权……因此,即使许可协议禁止进一步转让,权利持有者也不能再反对转售该副本。”

实际上,这可能类似于:最初的买家提供游戏许可证的代码,在出售/转售时放弃访问权限。然而,缺乏明确的市场或此类交易系统带来了复杂性,并且仍然遗留许多问题。

例如,关于注册转移如何发生的问题。例如,实体副本仍将在原始所有者的帐户下注册。

(1)“版权耗尽原则是对版权所有者控制其作品分销的普遍权利的限制。一旦在版权持有者同意的情况下出售了作品的副本,该权利就被认为是“耗尽”的——这意味着购买者可以自由转售该副本,并且权利所有者无权反对。”(来自 Lexology.com)

转售者在转售后无法访问或玩游戏

发行商在用户协议中插入不可转让条款,但该裁决推翻了欧盟成员国中的此类限制。虽然消费者获得了转售的权利,但限制是出售数字游戏的人不能继续玩它。

欧盟法院指出:“获得有形或无形计算机程序副本的原始购买者,对于该计算机程序的版权持有者的分销权已耗尽,必须在其转售时使其下载到自己计算机上的副本无法使用。如果他继续使用它,他将侵犯版权持有者对其计算机程序的独家复制权。”

允许为程序使用而进行必要的副本复制

关于复制权,法院澄清说,虽然独家分销权已耗尽,但独家复制权仍然存在,但它“受合法获取者使用所需复制的限制”。规则还允许制作使用程序所需的目的副本,并且任何合同都不能阻止这一点。

“在这种情况下,法院的答复是,任何获得副本的后续购买者,对于该副本的版权持有者的分销权已耗尽,都构成此类合法购买者。因此,他可以将第一购买者出售给他的副本下载到他的计算机上。这种下载必须被视为计算机程序的复制,这是使新购买者能够根据其预期目的使用该程序所必需的。”(来自《欧盟版权法:评论》(埃尔加知识产权法系列评论)第二版)

对备份副本销售的限制

值得注意的是,法院裁定备份副本不得转售。合法购买者被限制转售计算机程序的备份副本。

“计算机程序的合法购买者不能转售程序的备份副本。”这是根据欧盟法院 (CJEU) 在 Aleksandrs Ranks & Jurijs Vasilevics v. Microsoft Corp. 案件中的裁决。

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